Researchers are about to spend a year frozen in Arctic ice to study climate change

Scientists are about to set sail on the largest and longest exploration of the Arctic. They will face the darkness of polar night, freezing temperatures nearing -50 degrees Fahrenheit, possible threats of polar bears, and highly structured days to maintain circadian rhythms, reports National Geographic.

All the while, they will be floating on a ship that is trapped in ice, for an anticipated 390 days.

The 600-person expedition, named MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate), is set to take off on Friday from Norway, and the icebreaker ship will remain trapped in ice floating in the transpolar drift stream as it heads toward Greenland.

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In studying the fastest-warming region, researchers hope to gain insight on climate change. Atmospheric scientist and leader of the expedition Markus Rex says understanding the Arctic will help scientists understand extreme weather.

Those who will board the ship, named Polarstern, had to endure grueling training to prepare. They were trained in "firefighting, simulated ship evacuations, and shooting rifles in case of a polar bear attack," per National Geographic.

At least six people will be assigned polar bear watch, and must wear night vision goggles to scout for the animals.

Nineteen countries are taking part in the $150 million expedition. Read more at National Geographic.